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Joseph Solomon Delmedigo (or Del Medigo), also known as ישר מקנדיא, Yashar Mi-Qandia) (16 June 1591 – 16 October 1655) was a rabbi, author, physician, mathematician, and music theorist.〔Yashar is an acronym that includes both his two Hebrew initials, ''Yosef Shlomo'' and his profession, ''rofe'', i.e. physician. ''Yashar from Candia'' (יש"ר מקנדיה) is also a Hebrew pun, since ''Yashar'' means straight, as in "the straight () from Candia". The drawing (reproduced above to the right) on the frontispiece of his only printed work gives his name simply as "Ioseph Del Medico 'Cretensis'," or "Joseph () the Physician, from Crete, Philosopher and Physician." It is hard to determine which of the two, the family name Delmedigo on the one hand or the profession (physician), existed in the first place, giving origin to the other. The Hebrew title page to ''Sefer Elim'' gives his occupations specifically as a "complete" rabbi (''shalem''; this may mean that he had some sort of official ''smicha''), philosopher, physician, and "nobleman" (''aluf'').〕 Born in Candia, Crete, he moved to Padua, Italy, studying medicine and taking classes with Galileo in astronomy. After graduating in 1613 he moved to Venice and spent a year in the company of Leon de Modena and Simone Luzzato. From Venice he went back to Candia and from there started traveling in the near East, reaching Alexandria and Cairo. There he went into a public contest in mathematics against a local mathematician. From Egypt he moved to Istanbul, there he observed the comet of 1619. After Istanbul he wandered along the Karaite communities in Eastern Europe, finally arriving at Amsterdam in 1623. He finally died in Prague. Yet in his lifetime wherever he sojourned he earned his living as a physician and or teacher. His only known works are ''Elim'' (Palms), dealing with mathematics, astronomy, the natural sciences, and metaphysics, as well as some letters and essays. As Delmedigo writes in his book, he followed the lectures by Galileo Galilei, during the academic year 1609–1610. In the following years he often refers to Galilei as "rabbi Galileo". Elijah Montalto, physician of Maria de Medici, is also mentioned as one of his teachers. ==Works== ''Elim'' (1629, published by Menasseh ben Israel, Amsterdam) is written in Hebrew, in response to 12 general and 70 specific religious and scientific questions sent to Delmedigo by a Karaite Jew, Zerach ben Natan from Troki (Lithuania). The format of the book is taken from the number of fountains and palm trees at Elim in the Sinai Peninsula, as given in Numbers, xxxiii, 9: since there are 12 fountains and 70 palm trees at Elim, Delmedigo divided his book into twelve major problems and seventy minor problems. The subjects discussed include astronomy, physics, mathematics, medicine, and music theory. In the area of music, Delmedigo discusses the physics of music including string resonance, intervals and their proportions, consonance and dissonance. Delmedigo argued that the Jews did not take part in the Scientific Revolution because of Ashkenazi exclusive intellectual interest in the Talmud, whereas the Sepharadim and the Karaites were more interested in natural philosophy and philosophy in general. He called the Jews to reclaim their prominence in philosophy and to incorporate into the non-Jewish surrounding via the exploration of natural sciences. Some parts of the book were as follows: *''Ma'ayan Chatum'' (Closed or Sealed Fountain - Heb. מעין חתום) is the second part of Sefer Elim, containing the 70 questions and answers. *''Ma'ayan Ganim'' (Fountain of the Gardens - Heb. מעין גנים) is a continuation of Sefer Elim, consisting of the following short treatises: on trigonometry, on the first two books of the Almagest, on astronomy, on astronomical instruments, on Kabbalah (mainly the Ari) and the supernatural, on astrology, on algebra, on chemistry, on the aphorisms of Hippocrates, on the opinion of the ancients concerning the substance of the heavens, on the astronomy of the ancients, who considered the motion of the higher spheres due to spirits (Delmedigo shows that their motion is similar to that of the earth), on the principles of religion, and mathematical paradoxes. *''Chukkot Shamayim'' is a part of Mayan Ganim dealing with the first two books of the Almagest. *''Gevurot Hashem'' is a treatise on astronomy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joseph Solomon Delmedigo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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